Giới thiệu thêm 1 bài thuộc chủ đề Ngôn ngữ, 1 bài viết mang tính liệt kê, tổng hợp, phân loại, chứa đựng toàn bộ những gì bạn cần biết về Tiền tố - Hậu tố trong tiếng Anh (tiếp tục theo style All-in-one)

Nội dung bài viết được support rất nhiều bởi cuốn sách:
Cấu tạo từ Tiếng Anh căn bản & cách dùng - The Windy
Xin chân thành cám ơn!

PS: Thứ tự các Tiền tố - Hậu tố thường được sắp xếp theo alphabet, như vậy chỉ cần có quyển sách rùi tra cứu là xong, bài viết này muốn sắp xếp chúng theo các nhóm nghĩa và mức độ phổ biến!

Nội dung chính:

    I) Tiền tố
    II) Hậu tố
    III) Vừa là Tiền tố - vừa là Hậu tố

I) Tiền tố

1) NOT

un--:

unhappy, unaware, unhappy, unhealthy, unnecessary, unemployed, unreal, unusual, unreliable, uncomfortable, unable, unbelievable, unacceptable, untouchable, unchangeable, uneven, unable, unaware, undemocratic, unemotional, unrealistic, unremarkable, unsafe
*+phân từ: unbeaten, unrehearsed, unbuilt, uninviting, unloved, unwritten
*+động từ: uncover, unlock, unbend, undress, unlearn, unleash, undue, unless, unnerve

im--:

     *thường đi với M,P: impolite, impossible, immortal

il--:

    *thường đi với L: illegal, illogic, illiterate

ill--:

*nghĩa tồi, không tốt: ill-advised, ill-chosen, ill-informed, ill-timed
*chỉ sự khó chịu: ill-heath, ill-mannered, ill-starred

ir--:

    *thường đi với R: irregular, irrelevant, irrepressible

in--:

*thường đi với A,C,D,S: indirect, informal, invisible, independent, inexperience, incorrect
(NOT: inference, insight)

dis--:

dislike, disappear, discover, disqualify, disrepair, disadvantage, dishonest, discover, disagree

non--:

non-existent, non-smoke, non-profit, non-smoker, non-fiction, non-academic, non-aggressive, non-committal, non-competitive, non-violence, non-verbally

mis--:

*sai: misunderstand, misinformation, mistake, misspell, mishear, misjudge, misconception, misbehavior, miscalculate, misdirect, misfortune, misinform, misinterpret, misplace, misprint, misquote, misread, mistreat, mistrust

a--:

     apolitical, asocial, atypical

anti--:

*phản - đối lập: anti-capitalist, anti-colonial, anti-fascist, anti-nuclear, anti-racist, anti-war
*dùng trước tên người: anti-Thatcher
*ngăn ngừa: antibiotic, antidepressant, antidote, anti-tank, anti-cancer, anti-cholesterol, anti-burglar, anti-bacterial

========================================

2) Number

semi--:

     semicircle, semi-final, semiconscious, semi-precious, semi-skilled

demi--:

     demi-god, demi-world

half--:

*hầu như: half-asleep, half-cooked, half-forgotten, half-grown, half-listening, half-finished
*1 phần: half-circle, half-cup, half-inch, half-length, half-mile, half-moon
*sắc tộc: half-German, half-Irish
*gia đình: half-brother, half-sister

para--:

     parachute, paradox, parameter

mono--:

     monolithic, monotone

double--:

*2: double-check, double-decker, double-action, double-doors, double-edged, double-locked, double-page, double-sided
*lừa gạt: double-cross, double-talk

bi--:

     bilingual, bisexual

tri--:

     triangle, tripod, tricycle, tricolor

kilo--:

kilogram, kilohertz, kilometer
PS: macro--, micro--, nano--

========================================

3) Over -- All

extra--:

*rất: extra-special, extra-bright, extra-strong, extra-thin, extraordinary
*khác biệt: extra-currestria, extra-European, extracurricular, extra-terrestrial, extra-marital, extra-mural, extra-sensory

over--:

*nhiều quá: overdue, overjoyed, overrate, overoptimistic, overwork, overnight, overweight, overload, overtime, overeat, over-react, overgrown, overdose, over-anxious, overspend
*số đếm: over-fivers, over-sixties
*quyền lực: overthrow, overrides, overthrow, overpower, overcome, override, overrule

super--:

*quá mức: superabundant, super-cheap, supercharged, super-clever
*khả năng: supermarket, supercomputer
*vượt giới hạn: superman, superhuman, superfood, superstar, superimpose, supernatural, supersonic, superlative, supervise

too--:

too-easy, too-code, too-familiar, too-blond, too-clean, too-desperate, too-high, too-intimate, too-large, too-late, too-literal

hyper--:

     hyperactive, hypersensitive, hypersimple, hyperspace

========================================

4) Nhiều - 1 phần

all--:

*1 vật mang toàn bộ đặc điểm của từ gốc: all-action, all-black, all-electric, all-steel, all-volunteer, all-wool
*kiểu loại: all-age, all-party, all-sports, all-weather
*sự tác động: all-loving, all-seeing

full--:

*tối đa: full-flavoured, full-grown, full-strength, full-speed
*toàn bộ: full-time, full-page, full-size, full-year

much--:

much-respected, much-needed, much-loved, much-publicized, much-abused, much-admired, much-beloved, much-changed, much-copied, much-improved, much-discussed, much-married, much-praised, much-tried

multi--:

multicultural, multiple, multinational, multi-children, multi-coloured, multi-dimensional, multi-faith, multi-flavoured

poly--:

     polysyllable, polygon, polycotton, polyneuritis

part--:

     part-owner, part-cooked, part-ownership, part-payment, part-exchange, part-time

========================================

5) Trước - Sau

ante--:

    *before: antenatal, anteroom, ante-date, ante-chamber, antecedent

fore--:

*trước: forelegs, forearm, foredeck, forebrain, forehead
*dự đoán: forecast, forewarn, foresee, foreword, foremost, forebears, forefathers, foresee, foretaste

pre--:

*trước: pre-match, pre-dinner, pre-war, pre-industrial, pre-adolescent, prefix, predetermine, pre-intermediate, prehistory
*động từ mới: preview, prevent, prejudge, predecease
*đã xảy ra: pre-arranged, pre-cooked, pre-order, pre-booked, preconceived, pre-cut, pre-paid, pre-plan

post--:

*sau: post-mortem, postpone, post-natal, post-election, post-ceremony, post-religious, post-surgery
*time: post-1960's, post-sixth-century
*thư tín: postman, postcard, post-box, post-office, post-service, postscript

after--:

*thời gian: after-school, after-sales
*kết quả, hậu quả: after-effects, after-care

========================================

6) Trên - Dưới

under--:

*chưa: underdeveloped, underestimate, underemployed, under-equipped, underpay, undercook
*dưới: underwater, underage, underrate, underline, underweight, underground, under-soil, under-glass, undergrowth, underpass, underscore
*số đếm: under-fives, under-twenty-one
*cấp bậc, chức vụ: undergraduate, undergardener, under-librarian, under-butler, undertake, underworld, underwrite

mid--:

*time: mid-June, mid-evening, mid-summer, mid-afternoon, mid-week, mid-century
*vị trí: mid-ocean, mid-harbour, midterm, midfielder, midway, midsummer, midair, midpoint, mid-road, mid-America
*hành động dang dở: mid-bite, mid-stride, mid-sentence, mid-flight, mid-career

inter--:

*ở giữa: inter-city, international, inter-school, inter-state, intermediate, intergalactic
*sự liên kết: interconnect, interdependent, interlink, intertwine, interweave

intra--:

     intranet

on--:

     onshore, on-court, on-field, on-screen, on-stage, on-board

up--:

*di chuyển lên: uphill, upland, upriver, upstairs, up-country
*gia tăng: upgrade, update, upturn, upsurge
*phiền, quấy rầy: upset, uprising, uproar, upend

down-- --down (mục III)

========================================

7) Gia đình

step--:

     step-brother, step-parent, step-child, stepdaughter, stepmother

great--:

    *gia đình: great-aunt, great-grandmother, great-nephew

home--:

*làm tại nhà: home-baked, home-bred, home-cooked, home-dyed, home-grown, home-made, home-produced
*nhà cửa: home-buyer, home-loving, home-centred, home-owner

========================================

8) ** Most common

micro--:

     microeconomics, microscope, microbiology, microfilm, microwave, microbe

macro--:

     macroeconomics, macrobiotic, macromolecule

man--:

     man-made, man-devised, man-destroying, man-eating, man-killer, man-hourly

pro--:

    *forward: proceed, prowar, promote, propose, progress

free--:

     free-flowing, free-ranging, free-falling, free-floating, free-moving

fresh--:

     fresh-baked, fresh-blown, fresh-cut, fresh-fried, fresh-made, fresh-planted

homo--:

     homosexual, homonuclear, homoplastic, homophobic, homograph

de--:

     devalue, defrost, derail, demotivate

ex--:

ex-president, ex-boyfriend, ex-girlfriend, ex-lover, exterminate, ex-friend, ex-husband

photo--:

*ánh sáng: photograph, photosynthesis
*nhiếp ảnh: photocopy, photofit, photogenic, photo-journalist, photo-novel

out--:

*tốt hơn: outrun, outclass, outdo, outgrow, outjump, outlast, outlive, outpace, outplay, out-vote, outweigh

infra--:

     infrastructure, infrared, infrasonic, infraspecific

mini--:

mini-skirt, minibus, mini-computer, mini-camera, mini-expedition, mini-city, mini-lecture, mini-market

re--:

rewind, retake, remake, remix, return, rediscover, rewrite, restart, reread, rename, rebuild, retest, re-examination, redistribution, re-allocated

co--:

     co-founder, cooperation, co-author

auto--:

*máy móc: auto-timer, auto-cook, auto-reverse, auto-record
*tự vận động: autobiography, autograph, autobus, autodial, autopilot
*ô-tô: (automobile, automotive) auto-industry, autosport

sub--:

*giai đoạn, bậc cấp: sub-category, sub-committee, sub-party, subdivision, subcontinent, subset, sub-contractor
*mức dưới: submerge, submarine,  subtitle, sub-aquatic
*hơn kém: substandard, subnormal, subhuman, subfertile
*quyền lực, kiểm soát: subject, subjective, subscribe, subscription

self--:

*tự làm: self-appointed, self-control, self-government, self-absorbed, self-protection, self-service, self-taught
*tự động: self-winding, self-cleaning, self-destruction, self-heating
*thái độ: self-assertive, self-assurance, self-confidence, self-esteem, self-confidence, self-possession, self-respect, self-satisfied, self-righteous, selfish, self-explanatory, self-evident, self-effacing, self-contained, self-confessed, self-centred, self-addressed

uni--:

*đơn độc: unique, unilateral, unite, unity, unique
*phổ quát: universal, unisex, uniform

trans--:

     transport, transnational, transatlantic

cross--:

*sự di chuyển: cross-channel, cross-country, cross-frontier, cross-national
*liên quan đến nhiều người/vật: cross-cutural, cross-party, cross-reference

em--:

    *thêm vào *thường đi với B,M,P*: embark, embed, embitter, embody, empower

en--:

*thêm vào: enable, enclose, enclose, encourage, enrich, enliven, enlarge, endanger

ever--:

*xảy ra liên tục: everlasting, ever-increasing, ever-available, ever-changing, ever-growing, ever-open, ever-present
*càng lúc càng nhiều: ever-bolder, ever-closer, ever-colder, ever-smaller, ever-stranger

geo--:

     geographical, geography, geology

near--:

*gần như: near-perfect, near-disaster, near-black, near-wild, near-capacity, near-crisis, near-equal

new--:

*mới: newborn, new-hatched, new-baked, newfound, new-built, new-coined, new-cut, new-fashioned
*gần đây: new-generation, new-looking, new-style, new-smelling, new-look

news--:

newsletter, newspaper, newsagent, newsboy, newscast, newsdesk, newsfilm, newsworthy

well--:

*tốt: well-behaved, well-balanced, well-designed, well-built, well-established, well-educated
*số lượng: well-chewed, well-known, well-worn, well-oiled, well-loved, well-matured, well-populated
*chuẩn bị: well-trained, well-organized, well-cooked, well-fed, well-financed, well-publicized, well-read, well-watered
*thân thiện: well-disposed, well-meant, well-received, well-off, well-to-do, well-versed

========================================

###

therm--:

    *nhiệt: thermometer, thermostat, thermodynamic

circum--:

    circumstance, circumvent, circumnavigate

epi--:

    epicentre, episcope, epidermis

II) Hậu tố

1) Người

--or (V+):

*người: actor, supervisor, adjudicator, administrator, advisor, agitator, collector, commentator, competitor, conductor, investigator
*máy: calculator, compressor, elevator, escalator, reactor

--er (V+):

*người: worker, farmer, teacher, leader, printer, speaker, baker, driver, employer, reader, reporter, winner
*máy: computer, cooker, grinder, mixer, mower, recorder, roller
*hơn: higher, taller, bigger, brighter, colder, busier, cleverer, earlier, heavier, lovelier, luckier, prettier

--ist (V+):

*nghề nghiệp: typist, physicisist, scientist, botanist, cartoonist, dentist, economist, environmentalist, archaeologist, biologist, climatologist, geologist, gynaecologist
*chức vị: chairman, gentleman, nobleman, spokesman, statesman
*tín ngưỡng/cách cư xử: Atheist, feminist, optimist, pessimist, idealist, terrorist, activist, capitalist, communist, extremist
*âm nhạc: cellist, guitarist, oboist, pianist, saxophonist, violinist
*số người: eleven-man, two-man

--man:

*nghề nghiệp: fireman, barman, dairyman, policeman, repairman, salesman
*nơi làm việc, thiết bị: camel-man, camera-man, lighting-man
*xuất thân: Welshman, Chinaman, Scotsman

--woman:

Irishwoman, barwoman, businesswoman, countrywoman, horsewoman, needlewoman, policewoman, saleswoman, sportswoman, Yachtswoman

--ian:

*công việc: musician, mathematician, beautician, comedian, dietician, electrician, politician
*1 người đặc biệt: Elizabethian, Freudian, Shakespearean

--ant (V+=N):

*người: assistant, accountant, applicant, assailant, attendant, combatant
*gây tác dụng: depressant, determinant, pollutant, sealant
*Adj: abundant, adamant, arrogant, brilliant, constant, buoyant, constant, dominant, elegant

--ent

*người: student
*absorbent, dependent, different, existent, insistent, persistent

--ess (N+):

*giống cái: actress, waitress, authoress, Goddess, heiress, lioness, mistress, Princess

--eer

     auctioneer, volunteer, engineer, profiteer

--ee:

*người nhận Verb: appointee, employee, evacuee, examinee, interviewee, nominee, payee, trainee, trustee
*người thực hiện Verb: absentee, disvorcee, escapee, retiree

--ese:

*người/ngôn ngữ: Balinese, Japanese, Portuguese, Vietnamese, Chinese
*thổ ngữ đặc trưng: journalese, officialese, Americanese

--head:

*người: egghead, muddlehead, pinhead, squarehead
*phần trên: bed-head, spearhead
*khởi điểm: bridgehead, letterhead, stairhead, wellhead

--mate:

*N cùng 1 nơi: flatmate, workmate, classmate, schoolmate, team-mate, workmate

--person:

*nghề nghiệp: chairperson, newsperson, spokesperson
*number: twelve-person, four-person

========================================

2) --Y

--y:

*đặc điểm: dirty, smoky, bloody, bulky, bushy, cloudy, dusty, fatty, foggy, hairy, leafy, muddy, rainy, sketchy, smoky, snowy, stumpy, thirsty, worthy
*màu sắc: pinky, yellowy, plummy, greeny
*tên thân mật: Janey, Danny, doggy
*cagey, cheeky, crafty, dreamy, earthy, handy, heady, husky, lofty, musty, phoney, roomy, scanty, shifty, steady, stuffy, touchy, wary

--ary: of or relating to

*budgetary, planetary, military, honorary, cautionary, complimentary, customary, dietary, disciplinary, imaginary
*người: actuary, adversary, antiquary, beneficiary
*arbitrary, binary, comtemporary, contrary, primary, solitary, library, seminary

--cy:

*tình trạng, phẩm chất: accuracy, dependency, diplomacy, expectancy, fluency, hesitancy, illiteracy
*chức vị: Baronetcy, candidacy, captaincy, Presidency

--ly:

*Adv: slowly, hardly, softly, happily, crazily, madly, badly, cheaply, clearly, directly, easily, equally, exactly, finally, gradually, happily
*Adv tần suất: daily, fortnightly, hardly, hourly, weekly, yearly
*Adj: costly, deadly, earthly, easterly, elderly
*phẩm chất: soldierly, musicianly, neighbourly

--ery:

*N chỉ hành động: discovery, cookery, delivery, discovery, embroidery, forgery, mockery, recovery, robbery
*cách cư xử: bravery, foolery, prudery, roguery, snobbery, thuggery
*nơi chốn: bakery, creamery, nursery, orangery
*tập hợp, nhóm: finery, greenery, jewellery, machinery, pottery

--ity/-ty:

    *chất lượng: extremity, validity, security

--acy/cy:

    *trạng thái/chất lượng: democracy, lunnacy, privacy, pregnacy

--ty:

    certainty

--ity:

*tình trạng: abnormality, authenticity, brutality, creativity, curiosity, equality

--ibility:

ability, responsibility, accessibility, credibility, eligibility, feasibility, invincibility, possibility, sensibility

========================================

3) Trạng thái/Tình trạng

--ance (V+):

*trạng thái/chất lượng: annoyance, attendance, tolerance, acceptance, appearance, assistance, assurance, entrance, insurance
PS: Adj-ant -- N-ance

--ence:

ambience, competence, confidence, convenience, eloquence, eminence, innocence
PS: Adj-ent -- N-ence

--dom:

*địa điểm/tình trạng: freedom, stardom, boredom, officialdom, wisdom
*vương quyền, lãnh địa: kingdom, Christendom, Dukedom, Earldom, Princedom

--ment (V+):

*tình trạng: agreement, employment, enchantment, argument, achievement, encouragement, excitement, abandonment, accomplishment, acknowledgement, adjustment

--ion/tion/ation/ition (V+):

*trạng thái: action, production, collection, affection, ambition, combination, contribution, creation

--sion:

     depression, confusion, tension, compulsion, conclusion, cohesion, decision

--ness (Adj+):

*trạng thái: happiness, laziness, kindness, richness, heaviness, highness, sickness, rudeness, attractiveness, awareness, bitterness, blindness, loneliness

--al:

*có dạng thức/tính chất của: denial, fictional, regional, musical, accidental, logical, remedial, thermal, herbal

--ic/ical:

*có dạng thức/tính chất của: psychological, hypocritical, methodical, nonsensical, musical, historic, educational

--ious/ous:

*tính chất/tính cách: pious, jealous, religious, ridiculous, advantageous, adventurous, ambiguous, ambitious, anonymous

========================================

4) **Most common

--en:

*làm cho: strengthen, loosen, blacken, brighten, darken, freshen, deafen, lighten, moisten, quieten, sicken, slacken, sweeten, weeken
*chất liệu: earthen, golden, silken, wooden, woolen

--most:

*vị trí cực: topmost, northernmost, easternmost, innermost, lowermost, outermost, rearmost

--made:

        home-made, country-made, American-made, man-made

--kind:

        humankind, womankind, mankind

--ise:

        advertise, advise, arise, comprise, compromise

--ize:

*hành động: apologize, characterize, criticze, emphasize, jeopardize
*tình trạng/điều kiện: tenderize, democratize, equalize, harmonize, neutralize, standardize, terrorize, vicitimize

--headed:

*thái độ/cư xử: big-headed, cool-headed, empty-headed, hard-headed, hot-headed
*bên ngoài: bald-headed, black-headed, blond-headed, curly-headed, gold-headed, grey-headed

--est:

*strongest, tiniest, tallest, cleverest, biggest
*busiest, easiest, friendliest, happiest, liveliest, luckiest

--ism:

*học thuyết/niềm tin: Judaism, Buddhism, Atheism, Feminism, Optimism, Feminism
*cách cư xử: absenteeism, cynicism, extremism, hooliganism, opportunism, patriotism, modernism, perfectionism
*tên người: Marxism, Thatcherism
*phân biệt: sexism, racism, ageism
*hành động/nghi thức: baptism, criticism, exorcism, satirism

--ed (V+):

    *already: played

--able (V+):

*khả năng/phẩm chất: reasonable, acceptable, unbelievable, changeable, touchable

--ible (V+)

digestible, comprehensible, collapsible, deductible, audible, edible, eligible, reversible, terrible, flexible, negligible, perceptible

--first

     feet-first, head-first, heel-first

--hood (N+):

  childhood, neighborhood, motherhood, bachelorhood, adulthood, boyhood, widowhood

--free:

carefree, disease-free, dust-free, tax-free, carefree, duty-free, ice-free, nuclear-free, pollution-free, sugar-free

--less (V+):

*không có: tasteless, powerless, useless, fearless, helpless, hopeless, meaningless, mindless, spotless, airless, artless, characterless, childless, effortles, harmless
*vượt qua giới hạn: countless, priceless

--ing (V+):

*V: feeling, teaching, learning, walking, drinking, watching
*N: dancing, reading, cooking, reading
*Adj: interesting, exciting, disgusting, amusing, frightening, recurring, prevailing, ageing, cunning

--in-law:

   (father/mother/son/brother/sister)-in-law

--work:

*vật liệu: brickwork, ironwork, pastrywork, stonework
*hình dáng: latticework, basketwork, grillwork
*hoạt động: footwork, paperwork, brushwork, camerawork, legwork
*công việc: casework, course-work, homework, housework, schoolwork
*1 loại công việc cụ thể: day-work, desk-work, dockwork, farmwork, nightwork, shiftwork, shop-work, artwork, clockwork, framework

--ish:

*quốc tịch, ngôn ngữ: English, Irish, Polish, Spanish, Swedish
*có chất lượng của, hơi hơi: childish, sheepish, whitish, yellowish, fattish, longish, oldish
*N: foolish, boyish, amateurish, womanish, owlish, Disneylandish
*tuổi tác, time: fortyish, nineish

--ive: có sự tự nhiên của

*Adj: informative, attentive, abortive, active, inquistive, aggressive, apprehensive, attractive, competitive, comprehensive, creative, defensive, effective
*N: detective, executive, initiative, perspective

--like:

   cat-like, childlike, prison-like, businesslike, warlike

--ful:

*full of: bagful, boxful, fistful, teaspoonful, armful, handful, mouthful, plateful
*đặc điểm: beautiful, boastful, cheerful, deceitful, delightful, flavourful, forceful, graceful, playful, hopeful, skilful, thankful

--ic:

    *relating to: iconic, organic, heroic, poetic, alcoholic, angelic, atomic, cubic

--ics:

*bộ môn khoa học (không đếm được): physics, acoustics, economics, genetics, politics

--wise

    otherwise, likewise, clockwise, weatherwise, crosswise

--ward/wards:

*direction: towards, afterwards, backward, backwards, inward, outwards, forward, Eastward, seaward, skywards
*reward, leeward, coward

--ship:

*chức vụ: ambassadorship, apprenticeship, authorship, chairmanship, ownership, stewardship, studentship, internship, citizenship, membership
*kĩ năng: craftsmanship, horsemanship, workmanship
*MQH: friendship, kinship, relationship, partnership
*tàu bè, phương tiện: battleship, spaceship, steamship, troopship, censorship, championship, courtship

--age:

*quá trình: blockage, breakage, coverage, marriage, shortage, shrinkage, wreckage, drainage, orphanage, salvage, outage
*đo lường: acreage, mileage, percentage

--let:

*vật nhỏ hơn: flatlet, ploylet, coverlet, cutlet, droplet, islet, piglet, streamlet
*đồ trang sức: anklet, armlet, ballet, bracelet, circlet, bullet

--side:

*lề, bờ: riverside, fireside, roadside, bedside, seaside
*1 phần của vật: passenger-side, grass-side, alongside, backside, beside, countryside, inside

--size/sized:

*kích thước: apple-sized, cat-sized, child-sized, doll-sized, poster-sized, teaspoon-sized, postcard-size
*mô tả kích thước: average-size, fair-size, jumbo-size, middle-size, pint-size

--some:

*đặc tính: bothersome, adventuresome, burdensome, loathsome, lonesome
*cảm xúc: worrisome, troublesome, awesome, fearsome, irksome, tiresome
*tính chất: handsome, noisome

###

--ate:

    mediate, collaborate, create, eradicate, detonate

--ure:

    fixture, picture, pressure, signature

--ology:

    anthology, apology

--ify/fy:

    simplify, modify

--th:

    strength, labyrinth, depth, warmth, growth

--fold

    *number+: twofold, threefold, eightfold

--esque:

    *theo cách thức/giống với: picturesque, burlesque

--graph:

    autograph, paragraph, photograph

========================================

III) Vừa là Tiền tố - vừa là Hậu tố

hand--:

*bởi con người: hand-finished, hand-made, hand-written
*vận hành bằng tay, nhỏ: hand-mirror, handbag, handgun, hand-baggage

--hand:

*tay: cup-hand, flashlight-hand, knife-hand, phone-hand,
*công việc: farm-hand, cow-hand, fieldhand, garage-hand
*vị trí: left-hand, right-hand

---------- * ~ * ----------

down--:

*phương hướng, vị trí: down-hill, downriver, downstairs, downstream, downwind
*tồi tệ hơn: downfall, downgrade, downtrend, downturn

--down:

     bell-down, head-down, knee-down, nose-down

---------- * ~ * ----------

off--:

*ngoài: off-campus, off-stage, off-field, off-road, off-shore, off-stage, offshore, off-track
*không đúng: off-balance, off-centre, off-peak, off-guard, off-key, off-season, off-license, off-limits, off-load, off-putting

--off:

    *tiền: well-off, badly-off, better-off, comfortably-off, worse-off

---------- * ~ * ----------

Các bạn học bài vui vẻ nhé ^^!

Thân ^!^