Cà phê – thức uống của thời kỳ khai sáng
Thế kỷ 18, cà phê đã tham gia một trong những bước ngoặt quan trọng của lịch sử thế giới – cuộc đại Cách Mạng Công Nghiệp. Hơn nữa...
Cafe Triết Đạo
Kỳ 1: Cà phê – thức uống của thời kỳ khai sáng
Thế kỷ 18, cà phê đã tham gia một trong những bước ngoặt quan trọng của lịch sử thế giới – cuộc đại Cách Mạng Công Nghiệp. Hơn nữa còn trở thành thức uống thúc đẩy tư duy sáng tạo trong thời kỳ khai sáng.

Hơn 10 thế kỷ của đêm dài mộng mị
Khi nhắc tới thời kỳ Trung cổ, nhiều sử gia gọi nó là “Thời kỳ đen tối”, “Đêm trường Trung cổ”, “Thời kì của sự ngu dốt và mê tín”… Một xã hội bị thống trị bởi sự bất ổn. Nạn đói, dịch bệnh, mê tín lan tràn khắp nơi. Sự sợ hãi và lo lắng lên đến đỉnh điểm. Bên cạnh đó là bạo lực liên miên khiến con người trở nên hung dữ. Thanh niên có thể là những chiến binh dày dạn, nhưng dễ bị kích động, dễ trầm uất. Cuộc sống lúc nào cũng đầy trắc trở. Thời đại này, thức uống phổ biến nhất là bia, với giá chỉ 1 xu một gallon (4,5 lít). Trung bình mỗi người dân Tây Âu, từ thế kỷ XI đến XVII tiêu thụ không dưới 3 lít bia mỗi ngày, ngay từ trong bữa sáng.
Tỉnh thức kiến tạo cuộc sống
Thế kỷ 17, cà phê du nhập vào Châu Âu. Từ đây, người Châu Âu nhanh chóng khám phá ra lợi ích về mặt xã hội cũng như dược năng của “thức uống Ả Rập”. Tầng lớp tư bản phôi thai hiển dương cà phê như thức uống của “nhân văn thời đại”, là nguồn năng lượng cho các phong trào tri thức.
Cuộc cách mạng tri thức đã khởi nguồn cho thời kỳ Khai sáng và cuộc cách mạng đại công nghiệp trong suốt thế kỷ 18 và đầu thế kỷ 19. Thời kỳ này, nền kinh tế giản đơn, quy mô nhỏ, dựa trên lao động chân tay được thay thế bằng công nghiệp và chế tạo máy móc quy mô lớn.

Với phương thức lao động đó, cà phê mang đến sự tỉnh thức cho một Châu Âu đang đắm mình trong men bia, cũng như mang đến chất xúc tác sáng tạo, thăng hoa trí tuệ cần thiết để kiến tạo môi trường xã hội tri thức. Một xã hội lý tính, khoa học, hiểu biết có hệ thống về các quy luật tự nhiên… nhằm tiến hành các quy trình và những giải pháp thực thi mới trong lao động. Bên cạnh đó, cà phê giúp người lao động tỉnh táo, mang lại năng suất và tần suất lao động tối đa, góp phần hợp lý hóa tổ chức lao động phù hợp với cuộc cách mạng công nghiệp.

Cà phê dần thay thế bia trở thành thực phẩm chính và được tư bản Châu Âu vinh thăng như thức uống giúp con người cởi trói xiềng xích và tạo tác sự tự do cho bản thân. William Ukers đã viết trong cuốn All about Coffee “Nó là thứ thức uống cấp tiến nhất thế giới, vì tác dụng của nó là khiến con người luôn phải tư duy”. Thế kỷ 19, nhu cầu cà phê tăng mạnh trên khắp châu Âu. Cà phê nhanh chóng trở thành mặt hàng quốc tế mà trong suốt cuối thế kỷ 19, cà phê đã hoàn toàn chuyển dịch nền kinh tế, sinh thái và chính trị của Châu Âu.


Truyền cảm hứng
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